Build Service/Tutorial

Prerequisiti

Dovreste sapere almeno sommariamente cosa sono gli RPM e come vengono creati (vedere anche le packaging conventions per SUSE), o avere una conoscenza simile di un altro sistema di pacchettizazione supportato come potrebbe essere dpkg. Questo documento non intende sostituire la documentazione per la pacchettizazione che può esssere letta seguendo i link precedenti.

Dovreste conoscere il sorgente da cui intendete generare i vostri pacchetti. Il Build Service può aggirare alcuni errori comuni e vi segnalerà tutti i problemi incorsi nella generazione via logfile ed errori. Esiste una buildservice-mailinglist che può essere una buona fonte di aiuti e consigli. Comunque la scelta di quali patch applicare, di quali flag attivare, etc resta in ultima istanza a voi.

Requisiti

Per poter usare il Build Service la prima cosa che vi serve e un account per accedere. ;-)

Il vostro account è lo stesso del wiki e di bugzilla. Se non ne avete ancora uno seguite il link in cima alla pagina per crearne uno.

Dopo aver creato la vostra wiki/bugzilla login, andate alla pagina http://build.opensuse.org/ e effettuate l'accesso lì. Al primo login vi verrà chiesto di riempire un form per spiegare perché volete un account e che cosa volete impacchettare. Quindi dovrete aspettare la validazione del vostro account. Mentre aspettate poteste iscrivervi alla opensuse-buildservice mailinglist e presentarvi brevemente. Just tell us your Name and something about the project you want to create and maintain (some words about your packaging skill would also be welcome).

If you want to test and/or build your packages at home (always a good idea!) you should have a look at the SUSE Build Tutorial to get a first overview about the requirements for a local build environment .

Workflow

The following steps outline a normal workflow to create a project and add packages to it. Of course in a real world example you might fail at some step and have to repeat it until it does not fail anymore. This outline is just to give you a feeling what we are trying to achieve.

We'll show you two different ways if possible:

• the Webclient way
• the Commandline Client way (we'll use osc for our example)

Step One - Login

If you already have your Build Service Account, this is the easiest step.

• Webclient: open http://build.opensuse.org/ and click on one of the links "List of All Projects" or "Watched Projects". You'll be prompted for your username and password for the openSUSE Build Service. After that, you'll see the list of Projects and in the upper right corner you can find a link to your "Home Project". Please follow that link.

• Commandline: At first, you have to install the Commandline Client on your local Client. You can find osc-packages for different distributions in the openSUSE-Tools software download repository (yes: this is also a Build Service Project). Use your favorite package manager to install the osc package. Note: for SUSE Linux 9.3 or older you additionally need python-elementtree and python-urlgrabber from here.

Afterwards "cd" into the directory you want to use for your project files. Now everybody familiar with SVN will feel "at home": try to checkout your home project using

 osc checkout home:<username> 

(please replace <username> with your login). You'll be prompted for your username and password - afterwards osc will try to checkout packages in your home project and create a new directory called home:<username>. You can edit your settings in the file ~/.oscrc.

Step Two - Create & Upload packages

It's not really necessary to start in your home project - as you can also upload packages directly to an existing project - but it's a good starting point and no-one should use a home project of another user as build dependency. So you can use your home project as a "playground" to test packages which will be transferred to other projects if everything is alright.

• Webclient: Just click on the [Add Package] Link. You should fill out the following three textfields: "Name", "Title" and "Description". Just use the package name as "Name", the package summary as "Title" and the package description as "Description".

Afterwards click on the [Add File] link to add the files for your package. You need to upload the source code of your package and at least a spec file.

CLARIFICATION what is required for debian packages?

• Commandline:

osc meta pkg -e home:<username> <packagename>

osc will open a template xml file in your favorite editor (based on the EDITOR environment variable) and you can just add the same things (Name, Title and Description) as described above.

Now call

osc up

and you'll get a new directory with the name of your new package. To add files via the command line, just 'cd in the new folder, copy the relevant files and call

osc add *

this will mark the files in the directory for the next submit. To submit the files, call

osc commit

Step Three - Add Repositories

Now you should make a decision, for which distribution repositories you will build your package.

• Webclient: Just click on [Add Repository] and choose one of the available Distributions and Architectures.

• Commandline: first get a list of available repositories

osc ls

then edit your project metadata;

osc meta prj -e home:<username>

and add the repository like:

 <repository name="SUSE_Linux_Factory">
   <path project="openSUSE:Factory" repository="standard" />
   <arch>x86_64</arch>
   <arch>i586</arch>
 </repository>

Note: the repository="standard" is just for future extensions (forks of a repository).

Step Four: Build your package

Normally your package is scheduled for build after it is committed or some files have changed. If a required package is rebuilt, your package will automatically be rebuilt, too. You can also manually trigger a rebuild if you need (but please don't do this too often to save build power for the other packages).

Build your package locally

Sometimes it could be faster to build your package on your local machine instead of waiting for the results from the buildservice. osc supports local builds of your package, if your local hardware supports it (on x86_64 you can build for i586 and x86_64, on i586 only for i586).

 osc build <platform> <arch> <specfile> [--clean|--noinit]

If you start the build as normal user (good idea!), you will be asked for the root password of your local machine. You can avoid that if you add your user to /etc/sudoers and edit your ~/.oscrc :

su-wrapper: sudo

and with visudo add the line (as root):

<your login name> ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/build

to the sudo configuration (of course without '<' and '>'). osc will connect to the repository-server and download all needed RPMs to /var/tmp/osbuild-packagecache/<plattform>/<repository>/<arch> as cache directory. (So if you already have a complete repository, you can link the RPMs in this directory to avoid huge download traffic.)

For example for openSUSE_10.2 repository you can use Retail Box DVD iso as below:

 mount openSUSE-10.2.iso /mnt -o loop
 mkdir -p /var/tmp/osbuild-packagecache/openSUSE\:10.2
 ln -s /mnt/suse /var/tmp/osbuild-packagecache/openSUSE:10.2/standard

The above will give you repositories for x86 as well as x86_64

Packages can be now built locally like this:

 osc build openSUSE_10.2 i586 beryl-core-snapshot.spec

osc will create a chroot environment in /var/tmp/osc-build-root/ and start the build of your package. If you have only little changes, you can avoid the re-creation of the build environment with the option --noinit. If you assume your chroot environment is broken, you can trigger a complete rebuild with the option --clean.

As your packages are build in this chroot environment, you can find the resulting packages in /var/tmp/osc-build-root/usr/src/packages/RPMS/.

The complete log file of your local build is stored in /var/tmp/osc-build-root/.build.log.

Build your package in the build service

Building in the build service is easier than building local - but perhaps takes longer.

• Webclient: If you want to trigger a rebuild manually, just click on [Trigger Rebuild] on the bottom of the package site.

• Commandline: With the optional <repo> and <arch> arguments, the rebuild can be limited to a certain repository or architecture.

osc rebuildpac <project> <package> [<repo> [<arch>]]

Step Five: Check the logfiles

The buildservice produces one big logfile for each build of a package.

• Webclient: Just click on the link [Build Log] in the package view.

• Commandline: You have different opportunities - depending on your needs. If you are in the package directory, no packagedir must be added to the commandline.

osc prjresults [packagedir]

Shows the aggregated build results of an entire project.

osc results [packagedir]

Shows the build results of a single package.

osc buildlog <platform> <arch>

Shows the log file from a package (you need to be inside a package directory).

Create Patterns

Patterns are files which contain a list of packages together with a description what they are usefull for. (Future: The Build Service will export patterns to repositories so they become visible in YaST.) Additionally the Build Service does create .ymp files for each generated repository pattern. These .ymp files can be used for a One Click Install by the user.

In short, patterns are usefull to install a set of software for a typical need without to create dependencies between packages.

The submission of patterns is possible using the api directly, or using osc:

• to open a pattern in $EDITOR (creating it if it doesn't exist yet)

osc meta pattern -e <project> <pattern>

• to list existing patterns

osc meta pattern <project>

• get an existing pattern

osc meta pattern <project> <pattern>

• You can also submit an existing file as below:

osc meta pattern --file <local_file> <project> <pattern>

To test: clicking on the .ymp in konquerer should launch the installer, if you do not have konqueror installed, you can try launching from shell as normal user:

/sbin/yast2 MetaPackageHandler http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/<project>/<SUSE_Factory or openSUSE_10.2>/<pattern>.ymp

The following file is an example pattern file from the KDE:KDE4 project. You can see the generated .ymp file from it here.

<pattern
 xmlns="http://novell.com/package/metadata/suse/pattern"
 xmlns:rpm="http://linux.duke.edu/metadata/rpm"
>
    <name>KDE 4 Games</name>
    <summary>KDE 4 Games</summary>
    <description>A number of games for KDE 4.</description>
    <uservisible/>
    <category lang="en">Desktop Functions</category>
    <rpm:recommends>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kpat"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kmahjongg"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kmines"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kreversi"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-ksudoku"/>
    </rpm:recommends>
    <rpm:suggests>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-katomic"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kbattleship"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-ksquares"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-bovo"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kiriki"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kwin4"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kolf"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-klines"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-ksame"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-lskat"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kgoldrunner"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kblackbox"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kbounce"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-ktuberling"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-knetwalk"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kjumpingcube"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kspaceduel"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-konquest"/>
      <rpm:entry name="kde4-kshisen"/>
    </rpm:suggests>
</pattern>

Some Tag descriptions:

<rpm:requires>
<rpm:entry name="example" />
</rpm:requires>

<rpm:recommends>
<rpm:entry name="example" />
</rpm:recommends>

<rpm:suggests>
<rpm:entry name="example" />
</rpm:suggests>

See also

• General Tips and Tricks for the buildservice

• Detailed description of different Workflows

• Build Service News

• Cross distribution package how to

• Writing osc plugins

• Doing A Self Check/QA for RPMS